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common iora
The common iora (''Aegithina tiphia'') is a small passerine bird found across the tropical Indian subcontinent with populations showing plumage variations, some of which are designated as subspecies. A species found in scrub and forest, it is easily detected from its loud whistles and the bright colours. During the breeding season, males display by fluffing up their feathers and spiral in the air appearing like a green, black, yellow and white ball.
==Description==
Ioras have a pointed and notched beak with a culmen that is straight. The common iora is sexually dimorphic, males in the breeding season have a black cap and back adding to a black wing and tail at all seasons. Females have greenish wings and an olive tail. The undersides of both are yellow and the two white bars on the wings of the male are particularly prominent in their breeding plumage. The males in breeding plumage have a very variable distribution of the black on the upperparts and can be confused with Marshall's iora, however, the latter always has white tips to the tail. The nominate subspecies is found along the Himalayas and males of this population are very similar to females or have only a small amount of black on the crown. In northwestern India, ''septentrionalis'' is brighter yellow than others and in the northern plains of India ''humei'' males in breeding plumage have a black cap and olive on the upper mantle. In southwestern India and Sri Lanka ''multicolor'' has the breeding males with a jet black cap and mantle. The forms in the rest of southern India are intermediate between ''multicolor'' and ''humei'' with more grey-green on the rump (formerly considered as ''deignani'' but now used for the Burmese population).〔
Several other populations across Southeast Asia are designated as subspecies including ''philipi'' of southern China and northern Thailand/Laos, ''deignani'' of Myanmar, ''horizoptera'' of southern Myanmar and the island chain of Sumatra, ''cambodiana'' of Cambodia, ''aeqanimis'' of Palawan and northern Borneo, ''viridis'' of Borneo and ''scapularis'' of Java and Bali.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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